http://www.dmtf.org/standards/smbios
Dmidecode 这款软件允许你在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。Dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。[root@oracle3A ~]# which dmidecode/usr/sbin/dmidecode[root@oracle3A ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/dmidecodedmidecode-2.11-2.el6.x86_64[root@oracle3A ~]# rpm -ql dmidecode/usr/sbin/biosdecode/usr/sbin/dmidecode/usr/sbin/ownership/usr/sbin/vpddecode/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/AUTHORS/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/CHANGELOG/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/LICENSE/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/README/usr/share/man/man8/biosdecode.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/dmidecode.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/ownership.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/vpddecode.8.gz[root@oracle3A ~]# biosdebiosdecode biosdevname[root@oracle3A ~]# biosdecode# biosdecode 2.11SMBIOS 2.4 present. Structure Table Length: 15950 bytes Structure Table Address: 0x000E0010 Number Of Structures: 364 其实就是条目数（记录数），dmidecode命令的输出（Handler 0x004D，4D=77） Maximum Structure Size: 98 bytesBIOS32 Service Directory present. Revision: 0 Calling Interface Address: 0x000FD780ACPI 2.0 present. OEM Identifier: PTLTD RSD Table 32-bit Address: 0xBFEE3C7D XSD Table 64-bit Address: 0x00000000BFEE3C21PNP BIOS 1.0 present. Event Notification: Not Supported Real Mode 16-bit Code Address: F000:9675 Real Mode 16-bit Data Address: 0040:0000 16-bit Protected Mode Code Address: 0x000F9693 16-bit Protected Mode Data Address: 0x00000400PCI Interrupt Routing 1.0 present. Router ID: 00:07.0 Exclusive IRQs: None Compatible Router: 8086:122e Slot Entry 1: ID 00:0f, slot number 1 Slot Entry 2: ID 00:10, slot number 2 Slot Entry 3: ID 00:11, slot number 3 Slot Entry 4: ID 00:12, slot number 4 Slot Entry 5: ID 00:13, slot number 5 Slot Entry 6: ID 00:14, slot number 6 Slot Entry 7: ID 00:15, slot number 7 Slot Entry 8: ID 00:16, slot number 8 Slot Entry 9: ID 00:17, slot number 9 Slot Entry 10: ID 00:18, slot number 10 Slot Entry 11: ID 00:19, slot number 11 Slot Entry 12: ID 00:1a, slot number 12 Slot Entry 13: ID 00:1b, slot number 13 Slot Entry 14: ID 00:1c, slot number 14 Slot Entry 15: ID 00:1d, slot number 15 Slot Entry 16: ID 00:1e, slot number 16 Slot Entry 17: ID 00:1f, slot number 17 Slot Entry 18: ID 00:00, on-board Slot Entry 19: ID 00:07, on-board Slot Entry 20: ID 00:01, on-board [root@rac01 ~]# vpddecode # vpddecode 2.11 # No VPD structure found, sorry. [root@rac01 ~]# biosdecode # biosdecode 2.11 ACPI present. OEM Identifier: ALASKA RSD Table 32-bit Address: 0x7F276040 SMBIOS 2.5 present. Structure Table Length: 6576 bytes Structure Table Address: 0x7F2D8018 Number Of Structures: 129 Maximum Structure Size: 157 bytes PNP BIOS 1.0 present. Event Notification: Not Supported Real Mode 16-bit Code Address: F000:BBC6 Real Mode 16-bit Data Address: F000:0000 16-bit Protected Mode Code Address: 0x000FBBEE 16-bit Protected Mode Data Address: 0x000F0000 PCI Interrupt Routing 1.0 present. [root@aster6 ~]# biosdecode # biosdecode 2.10 BIOS32 Service Directory present. Revision: 0 Calling Interface Address: 0x000FD7E1 SMBIOS 2.5 present. Structure Table Length: 2713 bytes Structure Table Address: 0x7F6BD000 Number Of Structures: 68 Maximum Structure Size: 126 bytes PNP BIOS 1.0 present. Event Notification: Not Supported Real Mode 16-bit Code Address: F000:320A Real Mode 16-bit Data Address: F000:0000 16-bit Protected Mode Code Address: 0x000F320F 16-bit Protected Mode Data Address: 0x000F0000 ACPI 2.0 present. OEM Identifier: IBM RSD Table 32-bit Address: 0x7F7FE0AC XSD Table 64-bit Address: 0x000000007F7FE120 [root@rac01 ~]# dmidecode |more # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.5 present. 129 structures occupying 6576 bytes. Table at 0x7F2D8018.[root@oracle3A ~]# Keywords can be used instead of type numbers with --type. Each keyword is equivalent to a list of type numbers: Keyword Types ------------------------------ bios 0, 13 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32 baseboard 2, 10, 41 chassis 3 processor 4 memory 5, 6, 16, 17 cache 7 connector 8 slot 9 Keywords are matched case-insensitively. The following command lines are equivalent: · dmidecode --type 0 --type 13 · dmidecode --type 0,13 · dmidecode --type bios · dmidecode --type BIOS
SMBIOS(System Management BIOS)是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。
SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准，其中DMI设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。DMI(Desktop Management Interface, DMI)就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统，DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。 DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI(Desktop Management Interface, DMI)的主要组成部分是Management Information Format (MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI，用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。dmidecode的输出格式一般如下：Handle 0×0002,DMI type 2, 8 bytes, Base Board InformationManufacturer:IntelProduct Name: C440GX+Version: 727281-0001Serial Number: INCY92700942其中的前三逗号分隔的都称为记录头(recoce Header), 其中包括了： recode id(handle): DMI表中的记录标识符，这是唯一的,比如上例中的Handle 0×0002。 dmi type id: 记录的类型，譬如说:BIOS，Memory，上例是type 2，即”Base Board Information” recode size: DMI表中对应记录的大小，上例为8 bytes.（不包括文本信息，所有实际输出的内容比这个size要更大。）记录头之后就是记录的值 decoded values: 记录值可以是多行的，比如上例显示了主板的制造商(manufacturer)、model、version以及serial Number。 dmidecode的作用是将DMI数据库中的信息解码，以可读的文本方式显示。由于DMI信息可以人为修改，因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。安装DmidecodeDmidecode 在主流的 Linux 发行版中都可以找到，只需通过所用发行版的包管理器安装即可，如：apt-get install dmidecode或者使用官方包安装： Dmidecode源码包下载地址：http://download.savannah.GNU.org/releases/dmidecode/ Win版本下载地址：http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/dmidecode.htm不带选项执行 dmidecode 通常会输出所有的硬件信息。Dmidecode 有个很有用的选项 -t，可以按指定类型输出相关信息，假如要获得处理器方面的信息，则可以执行dmidecode -t processordmidecode参数string及type列表（1）Valid string keywords are: bios-vendor bios-version bios-release-date system-manufacturer system-product-name system-version system-serial-number system-uuid baseboard-manufacturer baseboard-product-name baseboard-version baseboard-serial-number baseboard-asset-tag chassis-manufacturer chassis-type chassis-version chassis-serial-number chassis-asset-tag processor-family processor-manufacturer processor-version processor-frequency（2）Valid type keywords are: bios system baseboard chassis processor memory Cache connector slot（3）type全部编码列表 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply 40 Additional Information 41 Onboard Device命令用法示例 查看服务器型号：dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' 查看主板的序列号：dmidecode |grep 'Serial Number' 查看系统序列号：dmidecode -s system-serial-number 查看内存信息：dmidecode -t memory 查看OEM信息：dmidecode -t 11关于 Dmidecode 的更多用法，你可以通过指定 -h 选项查询。